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WAN is a data communications network at a large geographic area like a province or country. WAN always uses transmission facilities provided by telecommunications companies such as telephone service company.
Characteristics of WAN:
- Connect the equipment is spread over a wide geographic area
Characteristics of WAN:
- Connect the equipment is spread over a wide geographic area
- Using public service channels, such as telecommunications companies to form a network in the role in the
geographic area.
- Using a serial connection to access the bandwidth across the geographic area.
A WAN operates at the physical layer and data link layer of the OSI layer. WAN connecting over a LAN within a broad geographic area.
The equipment used dalan WAN:
- Router, including internetworking and WAN interface ports.
- Modem, including voice-grade interfaces, channel service units / digital service units (CSU / DSU)
that serve the T1/E1 interface, and the Terminal Adapter / Network Termination 1 (TA / NT 1) as an
interface Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) .
- Server-server dial-in and user-user to dial out to connect.
WAN is made for:
- Operating on a very wide geographic area
- Able to provide a serial connection with low cost and low-speed or cost of such expensive and high-speed
ATM or via the fiber optic
- Able to provide full-time connection and part-time.
The introduction of WAN routers
Router is a special computer, a router has the basic components are the same as the desktop PC, the Router has a CPU, memory, system bus, and a lot of interface input / output. Routers are designed to perform specific tasks that are not owned by the PC desktop. For example, the router connects and allows communication between two networks and determines the data path through network connections.
Same with the PC, a router requires the operating system to perform its functions, the Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software to run the configuration files. Configurations contain commands and parameters that control the flow of traffic in and out of the router. Routers use routing protocols to determine the best path.
The main components of the router is a random-access memory (RAM), nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM) and interfaces.
RAM has the following characteristics and functions:
- Save the routing table
- Handle the ARP cache
- Dealing with fast-switching cache
- Dealing with packet buffering and shared RAM
- Handles packet queue
- Provides temporary memory for the router configuration file at work
- Data will be lost when the router is shut down or restart
NVRAM has the functions and characteristics as follows:
- Provides storage for the startup configuration file
- Data is still there even though the router is switched off or restarted
Flash memory has the following characteristics and functions:
- Handle IOS image
- Provides access to software to perform the update without having to remove the chip on the processor
- Data is still there when the router is shut down or restart
- Can store multiple versions of IOS software
- Is a type of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
ROM has the following characteristics and functions:
- Handle commands for power-on diagnostics selt test (POST)
- Stores the bootstrap program and basic operating system
- Requires remove the chip on the motherboard when upgrading software melaukan
Interface has the following characteristics and functions:
- Connecting to a network router as the entry and exit of data packets
- Just being in the motherboard or as a separate module
The rules in the WAN Routers
Standar and the main functions of the protocol, or WAN are operating at the physical layer and data link layer. This means that five other layers are not found in the WAN. In other words satndar and protocol layer 1 and layer 2 of a WAN different from the standards and protocol layer 1 and layer 2 of the LAN.
WAN physical layer describes the interface between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). Generally, the DCE is on the provider and the DTE is on the device. In this model, communication through the DTE with the help of a modem or CSU / DSU.
The main function of a router is to transmit data using Layer 3 addresses. This process is called routing. Routing occurs at the network layer, or Layer 3. If the WAN operates at Layer 1, 2 and 3, if the router is the equipment to a LAN or WAN? the answer is both.
Routers in a WAN is to deliver data packets on layer 3, but it can also be used in a LAN. At the time of the router using a standard protocol and physical layer and data link layer so it operates as WAN equipment. For example, a router mungkina must have an ISDN interface that uses PPP encapsulation and a serial interface that is connected to T1 lines using Frame Relay encapsulation. The router must be able to change the bit stream from one service type to another type, in this case to a T1 ISDN data link and change the encapsulation from PPP to Frame Relay.
Below is a list of physical layer standards and protocols on the WAN:
- EIA/TIA-232
- EIA/TIA-449
- V.24
- V.35
- X.21
- G.703
- EIA-530
- ISDN
- T1, T3, E1 and E3
- XDSL
- SONET (OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, OC-192)
Below is a list of standards and protocols on the WAN data link layer:
- High-level data link control (HDLC)
- Frame Relay
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
- Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
- Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
- X.25
- ATM
- LAPB
- LAPD
- LAPF
A WAN operates at the physical layer and data link layer of the OSI layer. WAN connecting over a LAN within a broad geographic area.
The equipment used dalan WAN:
- Router, including internetworking and WAN interface ports.
- Modem, including voice-grade interfaces, channel service units / digital service units (CSU / DSU)
that serve the T1/E1 interface, and the Terminal Adapter / Network Termination 1 (TA / NT 1) as an
interface Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) .
- Server-server dial-in and user-user to dial out to connect.
WAN is made for:
- Operating on a very wide geographic area
- Able to provide a serial connection with low cost and low-speed or cost of such expensive and high-speed
ATM or via the fiber optic
- Able to provide full-time connection and part-time.
The introduction of WAN routers
Router is a special computer, a router has the basic components are the same as the desktop PC, the Router has a CPU, memory, system bus, and a lot of interface input / output. Routers are designed to perform specific tasks that are not owned by the PC desktop. For example, the router connects and allows communication between two networks and determines the data path through network connections.
Same with the PC, a router requires the operating system to perform its functions, the Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software to run the configuration files. Configurations contain commands and parameters that control the flow of traffic in and out of the router. Routers use routing protocols to determine the best path.
The main components of the router is a random-access memory (RAM), nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM) and interfaces.
RAM has the following characteristics and functions:
- Save the routing table
- Handle the ARP cache
- Dealing with fast-switching cache
- Dealing with packet buffering and shared RAM
- Handles packet queue
- Provides temporary memory for the router configuration file at work
- Data will be lost when the router is shut down or restart
NVRAM has the functions and characteristics as follows:
- Provides storage for the startup configuration file
- Data is still there even though the router is switched off or restarted
Flash memory has the following characteristics and functions:
- Handle IOS image
- Provides access to software to perform the update without having to remove the chip on the processor
- Data is still there when the router is shut down or restart
- Can store multiple versions of IOS software
- Is a type of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
ROM has the following characteristics and functions:
- Handle commands for power-on diagnostics selt test (POST)
- Stores the bootstrap program and basic operating system
- Requires remove the chip on the motherboard when upgrading software melaukan
Interface has the following characteristics and functions:
- Connecting to a network router as the entry and exit of data packets
- Just being in the motherboard or as a separate module
The rules in the WAN Routers
Standar and the main functions of the protocol, or WAN are operating at the physical layer and data link layer. This means that five other layers are not found in the WAN. In other words satndar and protocol layer 1 and layer 2 of a WAN different from the standards and protocol layer 1 and layer 2 of the LAN.
WAN physical layer describes the interface between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). Generally, the DCE is on the provider and the DTE is on the device. In this model, communication through the DTE with the help of a modem or CSU / DSU.
The main function of a router is to transmit data using Layer 3 addresses. This process is called routing. Routing occurs at the network layer, or Layer 3. If the WAN operates at Layer 1, 2 and 3, if the router is the equipment to a LAN or WAN? the answer is both.
Routers in a WAN is to deliver data packets on layer 3, but it can also be used in a LAN. At the time of the router using a standard protocol and physical layer and data link layer so it operates as WAN equipment. For example, a router mungkina must have an ISDN interface that uses PPP encapsulation and a serial interface that is connected to T1 lines using Frame Relay encapsulation. The router must be able to change the bit stream from one service type to another type, in this case to a T1 ISDN data link and change the encapsulation from PPP to Frame Relay.
Below is a list of physical layer standards and protocols on the WAN:
- EIA/TIA-232
- EIA/TIA-449
- V.24
- V.35
- X.21
- G.703
- EIA-530
- ISDN
- T1, T3, E1 and E3
- XDSL
- SONET (OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, OC-192)
Below is a list of standards and protocols on the WAN data link layer:
- High-level data link control (HDLC)
- Frame Relay
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
- Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
- Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
- X.25
- ATM
- LAPB
- LAPD
- LAPF
Posted in: CCNA
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